This map shows whether countries import more from Lithuania or Spain. Each country is colored based on the difference in imports they receive from Lithuania and Spain or the difference in the growth in imports.
This chart compares trade between Lithuania and Spain by product, considering products traded by both, Lithuania and Spain. Service trade data is presented based on availability. This visualization show the product space at the HS4 level colored from blue to red.
Send us an e-mail: [email protected]. In the Humanities, traditional philology studies have opened up towards a greater deal of interdisciplinarity in their content subjects and approaches. This opportunity has favoured many ESP teachers, as they have been able to incorporate more easily into the new Humanities degrees e. In addition, many content teachers lack the proper training to teach in English.
First, as the level of English that students have when entering ESP courses has somewhat risen i. The creation of specialised seminars has also been facilitated as a result, and ESP practitioners can then receive the proper administrative recognition for their teaching loads. A disadvantage, however, is that while teachers have to give more class hours in both large and divided groups, the students have fewer of them because they receive one or two in the general group, and only one more in their respective small groups.
The extended period analysed does in fact present a clear evolution of concerns, topics and research lines. Since , the journal has been included in the JCR, with only two years of evaluation, and its impact factor ISI web of knowledge mirrors its academic and international credit.
In the current period, of a total of contributions, 96 have been published in English English has thus been prioritised as the journal has gained prestige in the applied linguistics field. Since the Fall volume of , in fact, all authors but one have chosen to disseminate their work in English. Major changes include a greater amount of papers dealing with genre and discourse in specialised fields, but a more reduced focus on teaching methods.
Also, the tendency has been stronger for the study of ESP in conjunction with corpus linguistics, cognitive methods, and ICTs, whereas interest in course design has decreased to one third. Figure 2. The Spanish authors Figure 3. This information may be useful to observe the topics where joint efforts are salient, and to check the academic contexts where these group-based research projects are produced. The number of papers in each thematic category is divided into Spanish origin SP , international background INT , and mixed groups if foreign and Spanish authors co-wrote the article MIX.
Figure 4. Number of papers with two or more authors in the different topics and according to academic backgrounds.
In contrast, Corpus Linguistics presents the lowest number of multiple-authored papers This process has been difficult at times, especially in the administrative side, but several institutional and curricular barriers have gradually fallen.
As more and more ESP faculty members received their tenured positions, the process towards teaching and research consolidation strengthened, although full professors in ESP are still rarities relative to other academic ranks. The new Bologna degrees have somehow benefited this specific focus by validating smaller groups for work e. The opening of administrative possibilities to account for forms of teaching other than the traditional lecture type can work in favour of ESP developments.
One is the consequent staff reduction or no creation of new positions because of the redistribution of teaching loads; some degrees do offer ESP in the curriculum, but others have omitted them. The effect in many cases is also the increase in course credits adding small groups and large classes.
Some English departments complain about staff shortage, but, because of the economic crisis, no new positions are provided even if the number of students is gradually increasing. What is more, the current trend is to eliminate certain degrees in certain universities or, as a lesser evil, to offer interuniversity degrees. This phenomenon equally affects the possibility to create more teaching positions.
The paradox arises in many universities: To comply with the Bologna treaty demands, students are expected to have good across-the-curriculum competencies e. Language institutes are thus being re-activated, where courses are offered to cater for such requirements. Needless to say, the courses are on general English, thereby missing the content and practice for future professional use and specialisation.
In this sense, the approach has evolved positively, as there is a greater general awareness about the importance of non-native internationalisation for ESP.
This mentality mainly derives from more participation in research groups that undertake projects abroad. Some subjects for interdisciplinary work emerge and evolve, such as research on ICT and genre analysis, or metaphors and specific discourse. More specialised investigation also ensues, e. This present and future reality is fruitful for careful ESP analysis and research, while consistent emphasis should also be placed on other areas, e.
For example, groups who analyse inter-relations among language, discourse, and culture usually have to deal with ESP in some form or other, and thus, multidisciplinary research may progress. This is a growing area of interest for the study of specific discourses according to variables other than linguistic, e. ESP in the classroom must connect more directly and strongly with the world that students will encounter after they graduate.
In Spain, the need is even more acute, as learners enter universities with low language commands, but are expected to master specific written and spoken communication skills in a short time span. Thus, as they leave college and apply for jobs, their English may not be effective enough. Paltridge This is a reality in Spain too:.
Upton The adaptation to Bologna should be of the greatest importance in that respect. However, as explained, the ideal setting for the ESP practitioner where the Spanish and international academic community may blend easily and practically is still far from materialising, as both students and faculty tend to lack the necessary communicative skills and, what is more important, training facilities.
For more information about graduate studies at the University of Ottawa, please refer to your academic unit.
Send Page to Printer. Search uOttawa. Search one of the following. Entire site Library Employee directory. Programs and courses. Spanish ESP. Course Component: Lecture No knowledge of Spanish is required. Volet : Cours magistral Ce cours n'exige pas la connaissance de la langue espagnole. ESP Spanish in the World 3 units An overview of Spanish-speaking countries and countries where Spanish is a minority language, with focus on the political and social issues related to language policies, the dynamics of bilingual and multilingual societies and the status of Spanish in relation to other official and non-official languages.
ESP Spanish Across Time and Cultures 3 units The origin and evolution of the Spanish language, its contact with the languages and cultures that have contributed to the different varieties of Spanish in the 21st century. ESP Women in Hispanic Culture and Literature 3 units A study of major hispanic women writers, artists and filmmakers in the context of the societies in which they lived and produced their works.
Volet : Cours magistral Ce cours n'exige pas la connaissance de la langue espagnole ou portugaise. Undergraduate Studies For more information about undergraduate studies at the University of Ottawa, please refer to your faculty. Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies For more information about graduate studies at the University of Ottawa, please refer to your academic unit.
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