The capitol, Khartoum, is in the northeastern part of the country. Darfur is a region in western Sudan that encompasses an area roughly the size of Spain. The population of Darfur is estimated at 7 million people. Following independence from Britain in , Sudan became embroiled in two prolonged civil wars for most of the remainder of the 20th century.
Competition for scarce resources played a large role. The complexities of desertification, famines, and the civil war raging between North and South Sudan contributed to a rise in regional tensions during the s. Similarly, as oil was discovered in western Sudan, the Sudanese government and international contributors became increasingly interested in the land in Darfur. The first civil war ended in but broke out again in However, it failed to take into account the effects of the war on Darfur.
Darfur remained underdeveloped and marginalized at the federal level, lacking infrastructure and development assistance. This neglect, combined with allegations that the government was arming Arab tribesmen Janjaweed to raid non-Arab villages, was used as the justification for a rebel attack on a Sudanese Air Force Base at El Fasher, North Darfur in Failed peace talks have allowed for the continuation of the conflict.
However, multiple negotiations have thus far been largely unsuccessful. Despite this mandate, however, only 9, troops were sent, and they lacked the necessary equipment to carry out their mission. At its peak, close to 16, forces were deployed in the region, well short of the 26, that had been authorized.
On March 4, , the International Criminal Court issued an arrest warrant for Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir for crimes against humanity and, in July , a warrant for arrest on charges of genocide. Since the issuance of the warrants, Sudan has seen major protests and increased violence.
The government has also forcefully expelled aid agencies from the country that has further jeopardized the conditions for thousands of displaced and marginalized civilians. By all accounts, al-Bashir should be a prisoner in his own country.
However, in the Arab League has announced its solidarity with al-Bashir. Since the warrant, al-Bashir had visited Qatar and Egypt. Refugee Crisis: The Darfur genocide has led to approximately , Darfuri deaths and forced another , to flee to refugee camps in neighboring Chad. The reduced rations, meant to feed refugees for a month, do not even last an entire week. Education: Darfuri refugees are no longer permitted to learn Sudanese.
Their educational curriculum is now conveyed in Chadian. This detrimental effect will result in a lost generation of Sudanese speakers if they are ever to return home. The agreement set out estimated numbers of refugees who will return during , types and levels of reintegration assistance they will receive, and logistical aspects of the repatriation operation.
The repatriation, however, was temporarily suspended due to insecurity and lack of services and infrastructure for returnees in their areas of origin. Hundreds, if not thousands, of displaced Darfuris, who returned to their Sudanese villages, were assaulted, beaten, or killed by militant new settlers.
The combination of roaming rebels, stockpiles of uncollected weapons and armed new settlers has led to great danger for recent returnees.
Returning farmers are afraid to go back to their plots for fear of attacks from new settlers who have taken the land in their absence or by militiamen who steal livestock and crops. That services like education, health, and potable water are entirely lacking from the villages to which returnees are meant to return. Gender-Based Violence: Darfuri survivors are in constant fear for their lives and safety, regardless of living in Sudan or Chad. The lack of jobs available to refugees is due in part to restrictions placed on them by the Chadian government, but also, the economy of the camps and surrounding community has simply not grown to accommodate the refugee community.
Ethnic Disparity: Considered to be the first genocide of the 21st century, the Darfur genocide began in after rebels, led mainly by non-Arab Muslim sedentary tribes, including the Fur and Zaghawa, from the region, rose against the government. They claimed years of inequitable treatment and economic marginalization, among other grievances. The government unleashed Arab militias known as the Janjaweed to attack villages and destroy communities.
Janjaweed attacks were notoriously brutal and invoked a slash and burn policy that included killing and severely injuring the people, burning homes, stealing or burning food and livestock, and poisoning water wells. Empower affected populations with sustainable livelihood solutions and immediate, informal learning opportunities that will boost their resilience, improve their lives in the Chad refugee camp settings, and translate well in Darfur, should they choose to return.
The program has successfully trained over 1, people in Eastern Chad in perma-gardening, improving food consumption, agricultural production, their ability to save money and their mental well-being while indirectly benefiting approximately 3, family members. Broadcast our advocacy channels to ensure the safe and voluntary return of displaced populations and the presence of necessary services and protections to facilitate their smooth reintegration. Call for the international community to remain engaged throughout the transition from peacekeeping to peacebuilding instead of abandoning its responsibilities at this critical and unstable stage.
JWW came into being as a response to the Darfur genocide. The Darfuris remain a vital cornerstone of our work. Solar Cooker Project: JWW initiated the Solar Cooker Project in as a way of protecting Darfuri women and girls — survivors of the Darfur genocide living as refugees in Eastern Chad — by reducing their dangerous trips outside of the camps in search of firewood for cooking, serving hundreds of thousands of refugees in five camps. With the installation of inexpensive plastic sheeting and PVC pipes, women in refugee camps turned their family bathing areas into reservoirs for grey-water collection.
In , the Coalition for International Justice interviewed 1, Darfur refugees located in 19 camps in neighboring Chad. A staggering 61 percent of the respondents noted that they had witnessed the killing of one of their family members. Blog - Latest News. The country was in the middle of a year civil war between the North and South regions when the leader came to power and tensions continued to build. Conflicts began to increase within the ethnically diverse Darfur and weapons started flowing into the area due to a struggle for political control.
The conflict escalated in when two non-Arab rebel groups within Darfur, the Sudan Liberian Army and the Justice and Equality Movement, accused the government of neglecting the region and took up arms against it. The Sudanese government, led by al-Bashir, quickly responded with a counter-insurgency campaign against the rebels and began backing a brutal Arab militia known as the Janjaweed.
Civilians within the country were the ones to ultimately pay the price for the escalating violence and began receiving a barrage of attacks from the government, pro-government troops and rebel groups. The dispute is generally racial and not religious in nature.
Muslim Arab Sudanese the Janjaweed militia group systematically targeted, displaced, and murdered Muslim black Sudanese individuals within the Darfur region. The victims are generally from non-Arab tribal groups.
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